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In modern industrial applications it's important to measure different types of gases. This may be done to measure the amount of gas such as oxygen and nitrogen that is used as part of a process, or it may be to detect the small amounts of different gases that are determined to be pollutants or dangerous to personnel. In some applications it's possible for workers to become exposed to dangerous gases such as ammonia, chlorine, or hydrogen cyanide, or the amount of oxygen available for breathing may be limited. Personal detectors can be worn by each employee to determine if unwanted gases are present, or they can monitor the amount of oxygen available for breathing. These types of sensors can also be used to detect the amount of gas that remains in an empty tank that must be entered for maintenance.
 Above: A general gas sensor (from Figaro Sensor ). |
 Above: CO2 gas sensors. |
 Above: An organic solvent sensor. |
When gases must be measured, generally mass flow meter devices are used. The amount of gas must be detected and measured to ensure the proper amount is being added to a process, or the amount must be determined for billing purposes. ill. 1 shows an example of a gas detector. Note that this type of sensor uses a sealed sensing head and a signal conditioner to provide a signal that can be used as an indicator or alarm.
Above: ill. 11: Cutaway picture of a gas detector.
Gas sensors may be used to detect these important gases or compounds:
- bromine
- carbon monoxide
- chlorine
- chlorine dioxide
- ethylene
- ethylene oxide
- formaldehyde
- hydrazine(s)
- hydrogen
- hydrogen bromide
- hydrogen chloride
- hydrogen cyanide
- hydrogen sulfide
- nitric oxide
- nitrogen dioxide
- ozone
- propylene oxide
- sulfur dioxide
Above: Measurement circuit for basic gas sensor.
