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Fundamentals of Applied Electrostatics
All books in the category Fundamentals
Author: Joesph M. Crowley
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Explains, in engineering rather than mathematical terms, the application of electrostatic principles for designing practical devices. Each part concentrates on a single electrostatic concept with application to a particular device. This book, now in its third printing, is organized by the scale of electrostatic effect. Part One deals with electrostatic fields in a uniform linear medium. Part Two introduces particles in the field. Part Three allows for a complex continuum. Part Four describes interactions between electrostatic devices and external circuits using terminal relations. Providing a unified and comprehensive treatment of the fundamentals and applications of electrostatic effects, the author offers numerous examples, including copy machines, smoke detectors, high-speed printers, and electrofusion of living cells. The epilogue provides more industry applications, plus bibliography and review articles. This book would be of interest to the technical specialist, and applications engineer interested in developing products using electrostatic principles. In particular, this reference is essential for those in ESD protection, atomization, precipitation, ionization, and any application that charges and discharges particles.
Ignorance of electrostatics might have been acceptable when radiation and antennas were the overriding concerns in applied electromagnetism, but today there are large industries depending on a clear understanding of electrostatics for developing practical devices. Although this book grew out of an upper-level university course, it should be helpful for practicing engineers and scientists. To facilitate the needs of specialists who cannot work through the entire book, the epilogue serves as a guide to selected industries, sciences, and technologies using electrostatics.
Table of Contents
Fundamental concepts
Voltage and electric field; charge and electric displacement; material properties (capacitance and permittivity); charge conservation and current; resistance and conductivity.
Electric fields with known voltages
Two flat layers (high voltage bushing design); coaxial cylinders (voltage rating of coaxial cables); spherical geometry (maximum charge on ink drop printer); cylinders and spheres in external fields (St. Elmo's fire; bubble breakdown in insulating oils).
Fields caused by charges
Surface (xerographic development); space charge (grain elevator explosions); moving charge (radiation detectors).
Particle motion in known electric fields
Time-dependent fields (reflex klystrons); space-dependent fields (electron beam waist); drag forces (ink jet printers); mobility (corona charging of particles).
Charged particle conservation
Basic laws (ionization gauge); charge decay (decay of ionospheric disturbance); charge convection and characteristics (static neutralizers); diffusion (semiconductor junction potential).
Conduction and breakdown
When is conduction ohmic? (gas insulation); single species (radiation counters); multiple species (ion bombardment).
Polarization
Artificial linear dielectrics; nonlinear (dielectric saturation); permanent polarization (electret microphones); piezo-and pyroelectricity (infrared television); time-varying fields (microwave ovens).
Continuum force densities
Force densities (ion drag pumps); polarization forces (spacecraft fuel management); Maxwell stress tensor (electric field meter).
Resistive circuit elements
Nonlinear resistors (varistor surge arrestors); resistors with variable geometry (field effect transistors); resistors with variable material properties (thermistor runaway).
Capacitive circuit elements
Nonlinear capacitors (varactor frequency multipliers); electromechanical current generators (rotating generation); capacitors with variable dielectrics (ferroelectric pulse generators); multiple terminals and mutual capacitance (droplet charging in ink jet printers).
Forces on lumped elements
Linear forces (electrostatic loudspeakers); torque calculation (electrostatic display signs); forces from coenergy (ferroelectric forces); forces in multiple terminal devices (electrostatic motors).
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